Recycling Of Industrial Waste Research Articles

Resource potential of dust entrainment of asphalt-concrete plants

In the modern construction industry, the problem of finding materials with increased stability that would provide minimal environmental impact with optimal economic efficiency is urgent. Considering global trends in the field of ecology and sustainable development, attention is focused on recycling and reuse of industrial waste. Of particular interest is the pulverized material formed during the operation of asphalt concrete plants. In this paper, the potential of integrating this type of waste as an alternative construction resource is studied. This article focuses on the urgent need to adapt the principles of sustainability in construction practice through the integration of materials with minimal environmental footprint. The key aspect of the study is the concept of recycling of pulverized waste from asphalt concrete production, which can help optimize the resource potential and reduce the environmental burden on the ecosystem. The study examines various dust compositions obtained from asphalt plants of different operating principles. The morphology of particles and the bitumen capacity parameter were investigated. It was found that by replacing up to 50% of mineral powder with carryover dust, there can be a significant environmental and economic impact for the road construction industry.

Recycling of Industrial Waste as Soil Binding Additives-Effects on Soil Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties during Its Stabilisation before Road Construction.

To improve the in situ soil stabilization, different chemical additives are used (ion exchange compounds, additives based on H2SO4 or vinyl polymers, and organic additives using lignosulfonates). One interesting alternative is the production of additives from various waste materials. The extensive testing of waste-based blends with soil was performed; the mechanical (unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) and hydraulic (capillary rise, water absorption, and frost resistance (FR)) soil properties were measured. The optimization process led to obtaining additive compositions ensuring high strength and sealing properties: by-pass ash from the ceramics industry, waste H2SO4, pyrolytic waxes/oils from waste mixed plastics, waste tires and HDPE, and emulsion from chewing gum waste. For sandy soil, the following additives were the most promising: emulsion from pyrolytic wax (EPW) from waste PE foil (WPEF) with the addition of waste H2SO4, pyrolytic-oil emulsion from waste tires, EPW from waste mixed plastics with the addition of "by-pass" waste ash and NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, and EPW from WPEF reaching up to 93% FR, a 79.6% 7-day UCS increase, and a 27.6% of 28-day UCS increase. For clay: EPW from WPEF with the addition of NaOH, EPW from WPEF with the addition of waste H2SO4, and solely EPW from WPEF reaching up to 7.5% FR, an 80.7% 7-day UCS increase, and a 119.1% 28-day UCS increase.

The one-step synthesis of Fe-N co-doped peony pod-based porous carbon for the removal of tetracycline

The peony pod is a component of the cash crop oil peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.), it accounts for more than half of the quality of the peony seed. However, indiscriminate disposal leads to resource waste. In addition, the pollution caused by the overuse of antibiotics and the evolution of resistance have been a conundrum. There is an urgent need to find a pollutant removal method that conforms to the current concept of sustainable development. In this study, the biomass porous carbon (PCN,Fe-0.5) was prepared and modified by one-step synthesis method using the by-product peony pod as carbon precursor, urea as nitrogen source, and steel slag as magnetic material. The utilization of biomass waste solved resources waste caused by the unreasonable disposal of agricultural solid waste. The doped materials were cheap and easy to obtain, and they improved the structure and function of porous carbon. The maximum adsorption capacity of PCN,Fe-0.5 reached 726.4 mg·g−1 with 100 mg·L−1 of tetracycline (TC). The adsorption mechanism was summarized as pore filling, van der Waals force, π-π EDA, surface complexation, hydrogen bonding and chemisorption. A low-budget tetracycline (TC) removal method was explored through the investigation on the adsorption performance and recovery capability of PCN,Fe-0.5, which was also conducive to realizing the recycling of biomass waste and industrial waste.

Taxon-specific ability of saprophagous soil macrofauna to reintegrate carbon from agricultural waste into soil

Saprophagous soil macroinvertebrates may potentially degrade agricultural wastes. However, it is not known, to what extent and representatives of which taxa may help reintegrating carbon from crop residues back into soil without triggering massive carbon release into the atmosphere. To tackle this problem, we conducted a three-month-long microcosm experiment with 21 different species of macrofauna (each treatment replicated four times) belonging to 13 families to test their ability to degrade wheat straw. Simultaneously CO2 release from the microcosms was measured. Five species did not survive under experimental conditions. Among the remaining 16 species, three significantly increased wheat straw decomposition with Oryctes nasicornis larvae having inflicted the highest straw mass loss (64%) in comparison with the control, where no animals were added (29%). None of the tested species increased cumulative CO2 evolution from the microcosms, while two species significantly reduced it. The reduction of carbon loss with aerobic respiration was recorded for Cetonia aurata larvae and the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta (respectively 2.5 and 2-fold in relation to the control – 53.8±4.6 mg CO2-C g−1 soil dry weight during the entire experiment). The original integrative Carbon Sequestration Index by Macrofauna (CSIM) calculated for both of the measured parameters suggests that the woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare and to a smaller extent the earthworm D. veneta appear to be the most promising organisms for industrial climate-friendly organic waste recycling in terms of survival, straw processing and simultaneous reduction of CO2 emissions from soil. Our results proved that the engagement of saprophagous macrofauna in crop residue decomposition is a viable technique of carbon reincorporation into the soil. It is accompanied with CO2 release mitigation into the atmosphere.

Give plastic wastes from the production of hollow fibre membranes a second life

Give plastic wastes from the production of hollow fibre membranes a second life LIFE REMEMBRANCE’s ambition is a demonstrated circular production process of safe and innovative granules and cartridges for drinking water purification from emerging contaminants. The objectives will be achieved through the development of a novel technology based on the recycling of high-value industrial waste, deriving from hollow fibre membranes (HFM) filter production and validated with the collaboration of an internationally recognised utilities company.

Effect of carbon capture on desulfurization gypsum/carbide slag phase-change composites for waste removal and renewable energy storage

To promote the recycling of industrial waste and produce ultra-low carbon energy storage materials with low-energy consumption this work innovatively proposes to capture carbon dioxide using the mixture made of 70 wt% desulphurization gypsum and 30 wt% carbide slag via a aqueous solution method, and the carbonized mixture used as skeleton material to prepare phase-change composites via cold pression & hot sintering method, and then thermal property, mechanical property and chemical compatibility are investigated. Results show that the carbon capture rate of the skeleton material can reach up to 10.6% at room temperature and can encapsulate the PCM (NaNO3) intact. C-PCC3 has good thermal stability and can undergo 2058 heating/cooling cycles. Compared with the PCC3 (absent carbon capture), the C-PCC3 exhibited a notable enhancement in thermal conductivity by 2.7%. Nevertheless, there was a decrease in mechanical strength from 134.1 MPa to 44.9 MPa, and a reduction in thermal energy storage density from 483.2 J/g to 459.3 J/g. Based on both macroscopic properties and microscopic morphology, the phase change composite materials fabricated in this work exhibit excellent comprehensive property.

Iron-rich industrial waste enhanced low-carbon radiation shielding functional composites

Recycling of industrial wastes into value-added functional materials is a sustainable route for industrial waste management. This study proposed a revolutionary design of low-carbon radiation shielding functional composites by incorporating iron-rich industrial waste as precursor and heavy aggregates. Experimental results showed that the iron-rich industrial waste-enhanced radiation shielding functional composites (IWRSC) reached a high compressive strength of 43.2 MPa after 3-day heat curing. Characterization analyses indicated that the alkali-active components dissolved from industrial waste aggregates reacted with the alkali-activator to generate abundant geopolymer gels, resulted in the improvement in the interfacial transition zone. Besides, the gamma ray shielding capability of IWRSC was 21.2% better than that of normal composite, due to the high density of industrial waste aggregates and the dense microstructure of IWRSC. The carbon emission and energy consumption of composites were reduced by 64.4% and 69.6% by replacing natural heavy aggregates with industrial waste heavy aggregates. The unit cost of IWRSC was only 95.9 $/m3, which was 95.0% lower than that of barite-incorporated counterpart. Thus, this novel solution can effectively recycle industrial wastes into functional composites in a sustainable way, contributing to zero-waste city construction and the realization of a circular economy.

Effect of Strapping Straps Waste Fibers on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete

Abstract Faced with the increasingly growing need for construction material resources and the strict requirements and conditions for preserving the environment, it has become necessary and relevant to study all possibilities and opportunities for the recycling and valorization of industrial waste and by-products in the construction field. Strapping straps is a product used to bundle and transport goods and construction materials. After its use, it is considered as waste. The objective of this experimental work is to study the possibility of reusing the strapping strap waste as fibers in the production of fiber-reinforced concrete. For this purpose, three families of concrete were composed using strapping strap fibers, steel fibers, and polypropylene fibers, which were introduced into a concrete composition by volumetric substitution (0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2%) of aggregates. The fresh properties were evaluated through slump, density and air content tests. Hardened properties were investigated using the compressive and flexural strengths, pulse velocity, dynamic elastic modulus, and water absorption tests. The results obtained showed that strapping strap waste fibers significantly improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete and have a behavior similar to that of steel fibers. The optimum rates of strapping strap fibers were 0.4% and 1.2% for compressive and flexural strengths respectively. Compared to polypropylene fibers, the strapping strap fibers were found to be more efficient and led to a gradual increase in flexural strength with an increase in the strapping strap fibers. The results obtained also showed that the increase in strapping strap fiber content gradually increased the water absorption of fiber-reinforced concrete.

Recycling of different industrial wastes as supplement of cement for sustainable production of mortar

Day by day, soaring demand for natural resource devouring and CO2-producing material, cement in the construction industry, poses enormous ecological risk, accelerating the requirement of an alternative or supplementary cementitious material (SCM). In contrast, retrieval of a massive amount of industrial waste needs proper attention to alleviate the environmental burden. This research aims to utilize three common industrial wastes: recycled concrete dust (RCD), ladle furnace slag (LFS), pyrolysis carbon black (PCB) as SCM in cement-based composites, offering a sustainable approach towards the green atmosphere. The study experimentally compares the performance of 13 different mortar mixes, substituting the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with varying weight percentages (0% as control, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of each waste. Including chemical composition analysis of OPC and alternative binders; several physical properties, mechanical properties, particularly compressive strength, flexural capacity, strength at elevated temperatures, strength activity index (SAI), durability characteristics are performed on afore-mentioned mortar mixes. Moreover, the failure pattern, microstructure, and presence of chemical substances in the composites are examined. This investigation also highlights the strength-CO2 emission measure and economic viability of the material considering waste processing charges. The results satisfy ASTM standard strength requirements for all 13 mixes, a minimum 75% SAI was achieved in all cases except 20% cement replacement level of PCB. Compared to the conventional control mix, 5% RCD blended mortar exhibited 9% higher compressive strength. In contrast, PCB showed a continuing decline in compressive strength, with a reduction up to 45% for 20% replacement level. Incorporating 10% slag as SCM, improved performance was obtained in terms of compressive strength (+7.9%), flexural strength (+11.7%), strength at 800 °C (+22%), strength-CO2 ratio (+15%), economy index (+9.1%) while compromising workability (−62.7%) and durability.

Recycling of MoSi2-based industrial solid wastes for the fabrication and high-temperature oxidation behavior of MoSi2–ZrSi2–SiC composite coating

To protect Nb substrate from oxidation at elevated temperatures and make better use of the industrial solid wastes, spent MoSi2 heating elements, ZrSi2 and SiC were applied as raw materials to prepare MoSi2 and MoSi2–ZrSi2–SiC coatings by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). After high-temperature sintering, cracks were found in a single MoSi2 coating while MoSi2–ZrSi2–SiC coating was crack-free without any defects by the CTE mismatch reduction. Diffusion layers formed on the substrate and it strengthened the bonding in the coating system with good metallurgical combination. The oxide scale of the composite coatings possessed compact and crack-free morphologies with fractional consumption after oxidation at 1500 °C. Circular Mo5Si3 phases that possessed pores and cracks generated in the silica layer of MoSi2 coating at 1700 °C while MoSi2–ZrSi2–SiC composite coating still kept crack-free oxide scale, thus showing excellent 1700 °C anti-oxidation properties.

In-situ wet carbonation activation of red mud waste for sustainable grout materials

The low reactivity and high alkalinity of raw red mud (RRM) limit its utilization as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in Portland cement-based grouts. This work develops an in-situ wet carbonation technique to improve the chemical reactivity of RRM using flue gas CO2. Systematic investigation of the RRM before and after carbonation revealed transformed composition and microstructure. The minerals and morphology changed significantly, with nano-CaCO3 and amorphous silica/silica-alumina gels formation. This enhanced the pozzolanic reactivity of RRM. Detailed evaluation of the effects of carbonated red mud (CRM) as SCMs on the properties of Portland cement-based grouts showed accelerated hydration kinetics and refined pore structure. Replacement of 30% cement by the CRM increased the 28 d compressive strength of the grout. The underlying mechanisms were analyzed via XRF, XRD, TGA, FT-IR, 29Si NMR, SEM, and N2 adsorption–desorption testing. The nano-CaCO3 and silica/silica-alumina gels from CRM participated in additional hydration and microstructure densification. This integrated approach enables the improved performance of grouting materials through CO2 mineralization and industrial waste recycling.

Assessing the Viability of Industrial Waste Recycling in RAP-Incorporated Geopolymer Concrete Pavements: An Investigation into Performance Correlations

Assessing the Viability of Industrial Waste Recycling in RAP-Incorporated Geopolymer Concrete Pavements: An Investigation into Performance Correlations

Challenges for Future Robotic Sorters of Mixed Industrial Waste: A Survey

To achieve recycling of mixed industrial waste toward an advanced sustainable society, waste sorting automation through robots is crucial and urgent. For this purpose, a robot is required to recognize the category, shape, pose, and condition of different waste items and manipulate them according to the category to be sorted. This survey considers three potential difficulties in the sorting automation: 1) End-effector: to robustly grasp and manipulate different waste items with dirt and deformations; 2) Sensor: to recognize the category, shape, and pose of existing objects to be manipulated and the wet and dirty conditions of their surfaces; and 3) Planner: to generate feasible and efficient sequences and trajectories. This survey includes 76 references to studies related to automatic waste sorting and 159 references to worldwide waste recycling attempts. This pioneering investigation reveals the possibility and limitations of conventional systems; thus, providing insights on open issues and potential technologies to achieve a robot-incorporated sorter for the chaotic mixed waste is one of its contributions. This paper further presents a system design policy for readers and discusses future advanced sorters, thereby contributing to the field of robotics and automation. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —Most automated sorting systems operate for limited target waste items. This study is motivated by the automation of mixed industrial waste treatment facilities using advanced robotic sorters. Emerging advances and increasing functionalities of robot system components will widen system applicability and increase use cases in the chaotic mixed industrial waste domain. This paper surveys the research conducted to date, discusses open issues and potential approaches, and presents user guides that provide practitioners with a system design policy. The user guides created according to the strengths and weaknesses of each system configuration provide future researchers and developers with a useful a priori design policy that has been thus far validated on efficiency, quality, productivity, and reliability. A question-and-answer style guide and a sorting-target-aware previous study reference list allows users to find the desired system configuration, including the investigated components according to their purpose.

Paint sludge derived activated carbon encapsulating with cobalt nanoparticles for non-radical activation of peroxymonosulfate

Industrial solid waste management and recycling are important to environmental sustainability. In this study, cobalt (Co) nanoparticles encapsulated in paint sludge-derived activated carbon (AC) were fabricated. The Co-AC possessed high conductivity, magnetic properties and abundant metal oxide impurities (TiAlSiOx), which was applied as multifunctional catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Compared to pure AC, the Co-AC exhibited significant enhanced performance for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) via PMS activation. Mechanism studies by in situ Raman spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance suggested that surface-bonded PMS (PMS*) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are the dominant reactive species for TCH oxidation. The non-radical species can efficiently oxidize electron-rich pollutants with high efficiency, which minimized the consumption of PMS and the catalyst. The removal percentages of TCH reached 97 % within 5 min and ∼ 99 % within 15 min in the Co-AC/PMS system. The Co active sites facilitated PMS adsorption to form the PMS* and the TiAlSiOx impurities provided abundant oxygen vacancy for generation of the 1O2. In addition, the Co-AC/PMS system achieved high efficiency and stability for oxidation of the target pollutants over a long-term continuous operation. This work not only offers a cost-effective approach for recycling industrial waste but also provides new insights into the application of waste-derived catalyst for environmental remediation.

Structural and compositional diversity of biosurfactants produced by a novel strain of Sporosarcina luteola ME44 from oil reservoir.

The urealytically active microorganism Sporosarcina luteola induces the precipitation of metals, which has attracted attention in biomineralization, bioremediation, and industrial waste recycling. Herein, we report a novel biosurfactant-producing strain of S. luteola ME44 isolated from Chinese Oilfield. The structure, composition, and surface activity of the biosurfactants produced by S. luteola ME44 were investigated by using a combination of the high-performance liquid chromatography, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and surface tensiometer. The biosurfactant extracted by strain ME44 was identified as surfactin with five variants and the yield was 1010±60mg⋅L-1 . This is the first report on the structural composition and surface activity of biosurfactants isolated from the S. luteola. It extended our knowledge about the role of the species S. luteola in the ecosystem of extreme natural environments such as oil reservoir. In addition, S. luteola ME44 showed bioprecipitation properties for metal ions Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I), which indicated the application potential of S. luteola in the field of bioremediation.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL BROWNFIELDS: THE TRAGEDY OF THE MINING COMMUNITIES

The processes of active restructuring in the mining industry of many countries have entailed the physical closure of enterprises, accompanied by measures to mitigate their environmental and social impacts. Brownfields that emerged in districts with developed mining industries are predominantly perceived through a stereotypically flat, superficial, and narrowly literal lens. Adhering to such an approach is risky both in terms of ecology and in the aspect of economic losses incurred in territories with concentrated localization of mines. The article provides substantiation for the importance of perceiving brownfields within a threedimensional space, with due consideration given to geological deformations, dynamics of underground water and gas flows, and the potential of gravitational and geo-thermal energy. The authors propose interpreting brownfields as either oper ating or abandoned industrial sites with buildings and infrastructure facilities on the ground surface, as well as natural landscapes that are negatively affected by geological, hydrodynamic, and gas-dynamic processes characteristic of the disturbance of the subsoil due to underground or open-pit mining operations. The reuse and recycling of industrial waste accumulated within brownfields alone cannot ensure the survival of coal-mining towns. Similarly, depopulation cannot be halted solely through economic instruments. Thus, the strategy for the development of coal-mining towns should entail ‘enlightened’ restructuring in line with the ideas of ‘Smart Shrinking’.

Synergistic preparation of high-performance composite blast furnace slag powder from multiple industrial solid wastes: Performance regulation and optimization

Blast furnace slag (BFS) is commonly used as a substitute for cement clinker due to its hydration properties. However, the demand for BFS is outpacing the supply, and its price is rising steadily. Moreover, the significant accumulation of industrial waste with potential hydration properties poses a severe environmental threat. To address these challenges, this paper aimed to prepare high-performance composite blast furnace slag powder (CBFS) by incorporating red mud (RM), fly ash (FA), desulfurization gypsum (DG) and BFS, guided by the synergistic effects and the theory of medium-calcium systems. This paper reveals that the primary activation methods of the amorphous silicon-aluminum mineral phases in CBFS are alkali activation and sulfate activation. The optimal results demonstrate that the compressive strength of CBFS-cementitious material (50% CBFS + 50% cement) can reach 52.8 MPa, meeting the standards of Portland Cement PO 42.5. Additionally, RM, FA and DG account for 66% of CBFS and the hydration activity of CBFS is better than that of S95-grade BFS. Furthermore, the CBFS-cementitious material effectively immobilizes hazardous elements of the raw materials, and the leachate meets drinking water standards. The application of CBFS facilitates the recycling of industrial solid wastes, improves the quality of construction materials and reduces the construction industry's dependence on BFS.

Recycling of Coal Combustion Waste through Production of Foamed Geopolymers with Improved Strength

Recycling of industrial waste into useful materials is a crucial aim for achieving sustainable development in materials science. The use of production waste in the manufacture of construction materials contributes to improving the environmental situation and reducing the cost of the final product. This article examines the utilization of coal combustion waste recycled into foamed geopolymers and ways of enhancing their strength properties through the introduction of strengthening additives. Eight compositions of foamed geopolymers containing different strengthening additives were synthesized. Inorganic substances (CaO, MgO, ZnO, TiO2, Al2O3, SiC, and ZrO2) were chosen as strengthening additives that were introduced in an amount of 3% (over 100%). The physical and mechanical properties (density, compressive strength, porosity, and pore size distribution) of the obtained samples were studied and compared. Magnesium oxide MgO and aluminum oxide Al2O3 were chosen as the best strengthening additives. Magnesium oxide allows geopolymer materials with the lowest density to be obtained. Aluminum oxide can significantly increase the strength of geopolymers. The phase composition of the samples contains new crystalline phases in the form of α-alumina and periclase. The porous structure is homogeneous and meets the requirements for foamed thermal insulation materials. The strengthening effect of the chosen additives was verified using geopolymers based on different waste from Novocherkassk SDPP.

An intelligent design method for new binder material activated by solid wastes by integrating attention-based tree model and heuristic optimization algorithm

To promote the utilization of industrial solid waste, a new green binder system namely SCGF for sustainable concrete is developed, in which slag-fly ash is activated by soda residue-carbide slag. However, the mix design of the SCGF is challenging due to heavy workload and the lack of theoretical basis. The relationship between mix proportion and mechanical properties of SCGF needs to be accurately expressed. In this paper, an intelligent design method of SCGF is proposed by coupling the attention mechanism, machine learning and multi-objective heuristic optimization algorithm. After training with experimental data, the prediction performance of attention-based tree model is evaluated. Multiple Pareto optimal solutions can be obtained by the proposed intelligent mix proportion design method. The results show that attention-based tree models perform higher accuracy (accuracy > 95 %) and better measures than that of classical tree models. Compared the strength and cost of SCGF to cement mortar, the mix proportion designed in this study has obvious advantages in environmental protection and economy (>50 % cost saving). Therefore, the proposed method can provide a theoretical basis for the recycling and utilization of industrial solid wastes.

Comprehensive utilization of blast furnace slag, municipal sludge and kaolin clay in building brick manufacture: Crystalline transformation, morphology observation and property assessment

At present, the comprehensive utilization of bulk industrial solid waste has attracted wide attention. The recycling of industrial solid waste in building materials not only provides valuable insights for the management of solid waste, but also alleviates the over-exploitation of natural clay resources in the construction industry. In this study, municipal sludge (MS) and blast furnace slag (BFS) were incorporated into kaolin clay (KC) to synthesize sustainable composite bricks, and the sintering effects and engineering properties of bricks were adjusted by changing BFS dosages. The results indicated that the addition of BFS would promote liquid glassy phase production in bricks due to the higher content of alkali/alkaline-earth metal oxides, and the ingredient, viscosity and content of liquid glassy phases could also be regulated through varying the dosage of BFS (0-15%), thereby affecting the pore structure, particle arrangement/consolidation and performance of bricks. Among all synthesized bricks, the optimum dosages of BFS, MS and KC for satisfying the building standard thresholds were 10%, 40% and 50%, with corresponding linear shrinkage, porosity, density, water absorption, compressive and flexure strengths of 12.97%, 18.15%, 1.83 g/cm3, 0.82%, 15 MPa and 38 Mpa, respectively. Finally, mechanism analysis further demonstrated that the formation and evolution of liquid glassy phases were the key responsibility for adjusting the brick micromorphology and performance. Based on this study, using MS and BFS in brick manufacturing benefited the value-added utilization of industrial solid wastes, clean protection of environments and sustainable production of building materials, providing a reference for the process optimization and potential application of MS and BFS wastes in masonry construction.